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The Greeks ((ギリシア語:Έλληνες)) have been identified by many ethnonyms. The most common native ethnonym is "Hellen" (), pl. "Hellenes" (); the name "Greeks" (Latin: "''Graeci''") was used by the Ancient Romans and gradually entered the European languages through its use in Latin. The mythological patriarch ''Hellen'' is the named progenitor of the Greek peoples; his descendants the Aeolians, Dorians, Achaeans and Ionians correspond to the main Greek tribes and to the main dialects spoken in Greece and Asia Minor (Anatolia). Among his descendants are also mentioned the Graeci and the Makedones. The first Greek-speaking people, called Myceneans or Mycenean-Achaeans by historians, entered present-day Greece sometime in the Neolithic era or the Bronze Age. Homer refers to ''Achaeans'' as the dominant tribe during the Trojan war period usually dated to the 12th-11th centuries BC,〔C. Mossé. (1984). ''La Grèce archaïque d'Homère à Eschyle''. Editions du Seuil. Paris. p. 12〕〔Those who believe that the stories of the Trojan War are derived from a specific historical conflict usually date it to the 12th or 11th centuries BC, often preferring the dates given by Eratosthenes, 1194–1184 BC, which roughly corresponds with archaeological evidence of a catastrophic burning of Troy VIIa.()〕 using "''Hellenes''" to describe a relatively small tribe in Thessaly. The Dorians, an important Greek-speaking group appeared roughly at that time. According to the Greek tradition, the "Graeci" ("Greeks", , ''Graikoi'') were renamed "Hellenes" probably with the establishment of the Great Amphictyonic League after the Trojan war. When the Romans first encountered Greek colonists in southern Italy, they used the name Graeci for the colonists and then for all Greeks; this became the root of all relevant terms in European languages. The Persians used the name ''Yaunas'' (''Yunans'') after the ''Ionians'', a Greek tribe who occupied some areas on the coasts of western Asia Minor and the term was used later in Hebrew (''Yevanim'', (ヘブライ語:יוונים)), Arabic, and also by the Turks. The word entered the languages of the Indian subcontinent as the "Yona." A unique form is used in Georgian, where the Greeks are called ''Berdzeni'' (ბერძენი). By Late Antiquity (c. 3rd–7th century CE), the Greeks referred to themselves as ''Graikoi'' (, "Greeks") and ''Rhomaioi''/''Romioi'' (/, "Romans") the latter of which was used since virtually all Greeks were Roman citizens after 212 CE. The term "Hellene" became applied to the followers of the polytheistic ("pagan") religion after the establishment of Christianity by Theodosius I. ==General names of Greece== (詳細はWest Frisian: Grikelân *(アフリカーンス語:Griekeland) *(ポーランド語:Grecja) *(デンマーク語:Grækenland) *( マルタ語:Greċja) *(スウェーデン語:Grekland) *(アイスランド語:Grikkland) *(フィンランド語:Kreikka) *(エストニア語:Kreeka) *(アルバニア語:Greqia) *(ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():Grecia) *(ハンガリー語:Görögország) *(スロバキア語:Grécko) *(スロベニア語:Grčija) *(ラトビア語:Grieķija) *(リトアニア語:Graikija) *Filipino: Gresya *(ノルウェー語:Grekenland) *(コーンウォール語:Pow Grek) *(ウェールズ語:Groeg) *(アイルランド語:An Ghréig) *Chechen: Греци (Gretsi) *(ロシア語:Греция ) (Grecija) *(ベラルーシ語:Грэцыя ) (Hrecyja) *(ボスニア語:Grčka) *(ウクライナ語:Греція ) (Hrecija) *(セルビア語:Грчка / Grčka) * *(チェコ語:Řecko) *(ブルガリア語:Гърция) (Gǎrcija); the alternative historical name Елада (Elada) for Ancient Greece is also used sometimes. *Slavic (マケドニア語:Грција) (Grcija) *(日本語:ギリシャ) (Girisha) *(クメール語:ក្រិច) (Krech) *(バスク語:Grezia) *(朝鮮語:그리스) (Geuriseu) In languages of Middle East and South and Central Asia, the common root is "yun" or "ywn". It is borrowed from the Greek name ''Ionia'', a once Greek region of Asia Minor, and the Ionians: *(アラビア語:يونان) (Yūnān) * or (Yawān, Yawon) *(アルメニア語:Հունաստան) (Hunastan) * * (Yunastan) *(アゼルバイジャン語:Yunanıstan) *(ヒンディー語:यूनान) (Yūnān) * (Yāwān) * *Modern Hebrew: יוון (Yavan) * *KJV Bible: Javan *(インドネシア語:Yunani) *(クルド語:Yewnanistan) *Laz: Xorumona (ხორუმონა) *Nepalese: यूनान (Yūnān) *(ウルドゥー語:یونانی) (Yunani) *New Persian: (Yūnān) * * (Hrōmāyīg) * * (Yauna) *(サンスクリット:यवन) (Yavana) *(タジク語:Юнон) (Yunon) *(トルコ語:Yunanistan) The third form is "Hellas", used by a few languages around the world, including Greek: *(ギリシア語:Hellas'' or ''Hellada) * *Polytonic: or * *Monotonic: or *(ノルウェー語:Hellas) *(ベトナム語:Hy Lạp) *(イタリア語:Ellade) (rare usage) *Chinese: 希臘/希腊 (Hanyu Pinyin: Xīlà; Jyutping: hei1 laap6) Other forms: *(グルジア語:საბერძნეთი) (''Saberdzneti'') 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Names of the Greeks」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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